LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC GROUPS OF VERBS OF SPEECH IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH

Abstract

The article examines the lexical and semantic groups of verbs of speech in Russian and English. It is noted that in the languages under consideration, these verbs represent the most complex and numerous group. The verbs of speech in two languages are divided depending on their expression of the main semantic categories characteristic of the verbs of these lexico-semantic groups. In both languages, there is the same tendency to create a common word that covers the entire fragment of the semantic field. In the microsystem of English, these are the verbs say, tell, speak, talk, and in the microsystem of Russian these are the verbs сказать and говорить. The Russian language is dominated by the category of verbs with pronounced emotional coloring, in which meanings can be conveyed descriptively. In English, neutral verbs are mostly noted, and the number of emotional verbs in this language is insignificant. There are a number of verbs that characterize the peculiarities of pronunciation, dialect or geographical features. Such verbs of the Russian language have no parallels in English. The verbs under consideration are very diverse. In the semantics of each particular verb of speech, one specific feature is predominant. Their common semantic components include: pronouncing, pronouncing speech sounds, words; oral explanation of any thoughts, a message. There are also lexemes characteristic of one of the languages, which differ in pronunciation features. A distinctive feature of the verbs of the languages under consideration is that these verbs more often than others adopt the semantics of speech as a result of the transfer of basic direct meanings.