THE SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION OF ATTENTION AS A FACTOR IN REPRESENTATION OF THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN TERMS OF STUDYING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Abstract

The paper analyzes a cognitive aspect in the study of the linguistic picture of the world, namely: the distribution of attention and the placement of focuses in the description and reproduction of reality by speakers of different languages. As a result of the study, it is concluded that there are differences in the system of distribution of attention and conceptualization of reality in different languages, first of all, in the unequal ratio of background and focus. Such differences complicate communication, and sometimes lead to complete miscommunication between people, since, describing the surrounding reality, different ethnic groups emphasize specific sides of their linguistic picture of the world and put their specific accents. Being aware of the specifics of such accents plays a key role in the study of foreign languages since knowledge of grammatical rules and large vocabulary turns out to be insufficient for successful communication in a foreign language. Even a well-constructed statement according to the rules of a foreign language can be interpreted by a native speaker of this language differently than the foreign speaker producing this statement would assume. The study finds that among the factors that determine the difference in the distribution of attention by speakers of different languages, in the first place is the difference in value attitudes, which, in turn, is due to the difference in cultural codes.