REPRESENTATION OF RUSSIAN GENDER IMAGE IN CHASTUSHKAS

Abstract

The article studies lexical representations of the idea of – the role of men and women in Russian society. The material of the study is the Ural and all-Russian ditties collected by folklorists during the 19th – 20th centuries. The objective of the work is to prove that it is in the structure of the ditty genre, in comparison with other folklore genres and the literary language, that the nomination units that translate the masculine and feminine principles are the most frequent. Gender reflects the mental representation of a person about a man and a woman, male and female. In the course of the study, it is revealed that the ditty shows features of speech behavior of a man and a woman in different everyday situations. The linguistic means of gender nomination are analyzed (functional-stylistic markers, lexico-semantic groups specific to the Russian language picture of the world, morphemes of subjective evaluation). As a result of the work, it was revealed that gender nominations in the structure of the text of the ditty are always connotatively complicated, so the syntagmatic meanings of lexemes are expanding. Trails based on semantic shifts in meaning are used productively. Chastushka shows not only the experience of human relationships that was accumulated for many centuries, but also represents a vivid life-affirming picture of the society.