VOCAL SYSTEMS OF TUVAN AND MONGOLIAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

The article analyzes the vocal systems of the Tuvan and Mongolian languages. These languages belong to two different language families: Turkic and Mongolian, but have long cultural, territorial and historical contacts. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was revealed that the inventory of vowel phonemes of these languages differs. According to qualitative and quantitative characteristics, 24 vowel phonemes are represented in the Tuvan language, and 19 phonemes in Mongolian. The number and quality of oppositions in the compared languages also differ. According to the qualitative characteristics in the Tuvan language, 4 pairs of vowels are determined on the basis of a number, on the basis of coarseness-non-coarseness, according to the degree of mouth solution. According to similar signs, 3 pairs of vowels are marked in the Mongolian language. According to quantitative characteristics in the Tuvan language, the opposition is represented by 8 short, 8 long and 8 pharyngalized vowels. In the Mongolian language, the opposition consists of 7 short and 7 long vowels. In addition, the opposition to the short a, a, u, u, e is formed by the diphthongs ay, oy, uy, uy, ey. The distribution of vowels by syllables in Tuvan and Mongolian languages also has differences. In the Tuvan language, all 24 vowel phonemes can be used in monosyllables and the first syllables of polysyllabic words. In the second and subsequent syllables of polysyllabic bases, 12 vowels can be used – all except short and long wide charred vowels. In the Mongolian language, 18 vowel phonemes can be used in monosyllables and the first syllables of polysyllabic words – all except the diphthong oi. In the second and subsequent syllables of polysyllabic bases, 13 vowel phonemes can be used.