WORD-FORMATION AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF WORDS WITH NEGATIVE PREFIXES IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH

Abstract

The article provides semantic and word-formation analysis of Russian and English words with negative prefixes. It is noted that in both languages adjectives and nouns with negative prefixes are formed in different ways. Words with these negative prefixes, in addition to their main meaning, have other meanings, although their main meaning (the opposite or absence) is considered a motivating word. In quantitative terms, the difference between nouns and adjectives with negative prefixes без- and не- is not noted. Their word-formation activity in the field of education is the same. A significant part of such words refers to terminological vocabulary, although there are words from common vocabulary. For the most part, they have a negative color. In the Russian and English languages at the present stage of development, a fairly widely represented group of names are distinguished, in the formation of which negative prefixes take part. Negative prefixes in the studied languages show high productivity. The most productive in the field of education of names that reflect the modern era and new technologies was the model: без- + noun + suffix. Note that the possibilities of word formation of adjectives with the prefix without are not limited. The prefix без- is marked in the group of noun-terms, in the formation of which the word–formation derivative – suffix -ость is productive. There are not many such words, but they are also in dictionaries. In English, prefixes of negative semantics are widespread. Most of them have a foreign language origin.