THE MEANS OF THE OPTATIVE MOOD EXPRESSION IN THE DARGIN LANGUAGES

Abstract

The article studies the optative mood’s group in the Dargin languages. The main task is to reveal verbal forms that express the speaker’s desire to implement an action and describe their morphological and semantic peculiarities. As a result of the study five moods are analyzed: standard optative, unmarked optative, conditional optative, jussive and probabilitive ones. It is established that all five moods can have both synthetic and analytical forms. Particular attention is paid to the ways of forming and functioning of these forms in various contexts. The forming and functioning differences of these means in the various Dargin languages and dialects are also revealed. The results of this work can be useful in the study of modal forms that express optative meaning in related Dagestani languages, and also in the process of teaching native languages at schools and universities.