THE ROLE OF THE PROBABILITY PROGNISIS MECHANISM IN COMPLETING TASKS FROM THE “GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY” PART IN THE UNIFIED STATE EXAM IN ENGLISH

Abstract

The article dwells on the application of the probability prognosis method to carry out tasks on grammar and vocabulary in the Unified State Exam in English. The probability prognosis falls into three analytical stages: hypothesis, verification and final statement. The authors single out three types of the probability prognosis: structural prognosis, based on the knowledge of grammar rules and syntax; semantic prognosis, based on the content of the text and the combined type that takes into account syntax, grammar forms and meaning. Structural prognosis is mostly applied to the tasks in grammar and word-building, semantic prognosis is helpful in choosing the appropriate word for the context in the vocabulary task. Complex prognosis proves to be most effective if based on the analysis of both narrow and broad linguistic contexts. The automaticity in applying probability prognosis method is usually acquired through the automatization of language skills and a thorough analysis of the premises that lead to correct inferences.