ETHNOLINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE LEXEME “ТОҘ” (“SALT”) IN THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE

Abstract

The article examines the ethnolinguistic features of the lexeme “salt” based on the material of Bashkir folk art (proverbs and sayings, riddles, fairy tales), mythology, toponymy and phraseology. The special significance of this lexeme for the Bashkir people and its unexplored nature from the point of view of ethnolinguistics determined the relevance of the study. The study of the Bashkir language in the ethnolinguistic aspect is not possible without taking into account the data of ethnography, the history of the people, dialectology and folklore studies. Interest in the problems of the correlation of language and culture, language and ethnicity does not lose its relevance at the present time. As a result of the analysis, it is proved that the ethnolexeme “salt” is used in the Bashkir language as part of phraseological units, toponyms in both positive and negative meanings. The semantics of the lexeme in the meaning of “value” is revealed in proverbs and sayings. Bashkir fairy tales characterize salt in a comparative and contrastive way, and mythology – from the point of view of the magical, protective function.