COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEXICAL COMPOSITION OF SOMATIC PHRASES OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND DARGINIAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

The article examines the lexical composition of somatic idioms of three genetically unrelated languages in a comparative aspect. Their functional features are also being investigated. The analysis of the data on idioms in all three languages reveals the core lexemes that are common to all three languages. This is due to the commonality of functions of parts of the human body. It has been established that such phraseological units have a high frequency in speech communication, since somatisms are included in the basic part of the vocabulary of any language. A large number of coincidences are observed in the phraseological units of the English and Russian languages, which is due to their belonging to the same common proto-language. Despite the fact that the Darginian language is not genetically related to Russian and English, in general, a number of correspondences are noted in all the languages under consideration. Lexical similarities are possible in languages with different structures. This is the result of linguistic universals, and a consequence of the commonality of human existence. In all three languages, there is a large group of somatic phraseological units in which the lexical composition may have partial congruence. Somatic phraseological units that occur only in one of the studied languages are noted.