A LOAN WORD IN A DICTIONARY AND CONTEXT (USING THE AKSAKAL WORD AS AN EXAMPLE)

Abstract

The authors of the paper analyze the semantics and usage of a loan word aksakal, which was borrowed by Russian from the Turkic languages in the 19th century. The research base is made up of examples from the Russian National Corpus and the National Electronic Library. Digital resources, the electronic catalog of the Russian State Library and Google Books served as a tool for searching the word usage contexts. In the course of the research the authors apply the lexicographic analysis of the word, observation of its functioning in different contexts, and the method of continuous and directed sampling of textual material. They found out that for historical reasons, the Turkic word aksakal lost one of its meanings. Examples of modern usage of Turkism in different contexts showed the semantic development of the exotic word in the borrowing language: it was enriched with new meanings basing on the hyphenation, connotations. A contextual examination allowed to determine the functional and stylistic characteristics of the lexical unit. Based on the analysis, the word aksakal is classified as a literary exoticism.