REFLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MENTALITY IN ZOOSEMISMS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF THE RUSSIAN AND GERMAN LANGUAGES)

Abstract

The problem of the relationship of the concepts of culture-language-ethnos is very relevant for modern linguistics. At each stage of social development, it is revealed in a new way, and in connection with the revival of national identity and national culture, this range of issues has acquired special significance. The relevance of the study is determined by attention to the problems of national identity and self-expression, the correlation of language and spiritual culture, the need to search for new approaches to the study of phraseological units as a treasury of the spectrum of national connotations, as well as the specificity of reflection in the phraseology of the national mentality, which is one of the little-studied problems of linguistics. The task of understanding cultural self-awareness through language means of reflecting the concepts of culture is relevant for linguistic and cultural analysis of phraseological units. The objective of the study is to identify common features and differences in the design of direct and figurative meanings of zoosemisms in the two related languages. According to this objective, the task of the study is to find out matching and excellent connotative motivations, which are fixed in German and Russian with respect to the names of representatives of the animal world. The article discusses the features of the formation of the mentality of the people, the question of the relationship of mentality and language as a carrier of national culture. As you know, it is at the phraseological level that the national-cultural features of the language are most pronounced. Therefore, on the examples of phraseological units (zoosemisms) of the Russian and German languages, the specificity of the expression of the mentality of these peoples is traced.