COURTESY/IMPOLITENESS: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIAL MANIFESTATIONS

Abstract

In the article, the author proposes a working model for analyzing discourtesy and verbal aggression. It is based on a modular methodology that seeks to combine pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic approaches. Linguistic units accept polite or impolite interpretations, depending not only on other elements of the linguistic context, but also on social and cultural factors of the environment and the type of discourse. These two elements set a standard for what is considered polite, appropriate, or correct, which the speaker either respects or ignores. All of this interacts with each other to produce a polite or impolite effect, which the recipient decodes in the message. Syntactic, intonational, semantic and other elements are distinguished that contribute to the manifestation of politeness or impoliteness. All this should be formulated in a modular, multidimensional proposal, where all factors interact and influence each other, changing the polite/impolite direction or strength of the phenomenon. As a result of the conducted research, it can be stated that there are no polite or impolite terms. Each language element is polluted by usage and remains, like taboo words, filled in the code with the nuances it expresses. There are other elements that, being subjective and evaluative, can drift towards politeness or impoliteness, and only the context determines the direction.