PROCESS OF ADAPTATION OF LOANWORDS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BASED ON THE BORROWED WORDS OF SPANISH ORIGIN

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of Spanish loanwords in Russian. The study reveals and describes the main processes of adaptation and change of the words of Spanish origin at different levels of language (phonetical and grammatical). During the research of various dictionaries about 200 lexical units borrowed from the Spanish language are selected. A set of techniques and methods of linguistic analysis are used in this research, such as descriptive method, classification and comparison. The selected loanwords are analysed from the point of view of the way of their penetration into the language and are divided into thematic groups. In the process of phonetic adaptation of Spanish borrowings there are competing tendencies and inevitable variability. We see signs of insufficient grammatical adaptation of the words of Spanish origin: indeclinability, absence of feminine and plural forms. In spite of this we can also note cases of the activation and increasing use of Spanish loanwords in modern Russian. The observation of the use of Spanish borrowings is of interest for the study of the vocabulary of the Russian language and cultural relations between Russia and Spain.