SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS IN A COMPARATIVE ASPECT: RUSSIAN PRIYATNO ‘PLEASANT’ AND ITS EQUIVALENT GAOXING IN CHINESE

Abstract

The article focuses on properties of syntactic constructions of the category of state and compares the Russian category of a state word priyatno (pleasant) with its Chinese equivalent gaoxing. Syntactic analysis of the predicative form priyatno reveals the differences between the category of state words and homonymic adverbs. Sentences with Chines gaoxing are polysemous due to the fact that the syntactic meaning of the predicate gaoxing results from its transposition from the category of adjectives. The author conducts a theoretical analysis of scientific works devoted to the study of the question of words of the category of state, their grammatical features. The paper presents an analysis of the gaoxing control model and the filling of syntactic valences. The conducted empirical research has allowed to conclude that the word priyatno in Russian language as a predicative has more clear possibilities for implementing the categorical semantics of the state than its Chinese equivalents. Besides, the process of transitioning the Russian adjective and adverb priyatno into a word of state category and the transposition of the equivalent Chinese word gaoxing are not completely analogous.