SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE EXPRESSION OF POLITENESS IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND KAZAKH

Abstract

The category of politeness is a complex linguacultural phenomenon, universal in nature but realized in specific ways in different linguistic communities. The study reveals the complex nature of politeness as a system of verbal and nonverbal markers regulating human interaction. The paper provides a multifaceted analysis of the implementation of this category in three linguacultures: English, Russian, and Kazakh. The relevance of the work stems from the growing importance of intercultural communication and the need for a thorough understanding of the national and cultural specifics of verbal behavior. The objective of the research is to identify and systematize the similarities and differences in the verbal and nonverbal means of expressing politeness. A comparative analysis serves as the methodological basis, allowing for a detailed examination of linguacultural characteristics. The focus is on key aspects such as systems of address, request and refusal strategies, and nonverbal etiquette. The findings can be used in the teaching of foreign languages and intercultural communication.