SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGISMS EXPRESSING HUMAN CHARACTER IN KUMYK LANGUAGE

Abstract

Phraseologisms with somatic component belong to the most ancient layer of phraseological units and are of undeniable interest for linguoculturrology and cognitive linguistics, as they are the mental-cognitive means of presenting cultural information and allow the most capacity, figuratively represent the character of man. Kumyk has a large group of phraseological units that include somatic elements. A large part of these somatic phraseological units are clearly anthropocentric and have a direct or indirect focus on human characterization and vital activity from a variety of directions. Synchronous specificity of somatic phraseological semantics in Kumyk language is related to positive and negative human characteristic. In the phraseologisms, the assessment of the external and internal world of man, which is specific to somatic phraseologisms, is particularly evident. The author pays special attention to the national-specific features of Kumyk phraseologisms with a somatic component denoting various functions of human body parts and through these functions expressing the qualitative characteristic of humans in general. The Kumyk language material confirms the relationship of the somatic code to other culture codes, such as subject or spatial. Each somatism with its functions acts as the basis for the processes of metaphorization and the emergence of phraseological combinations. Phraseological units with national-cultural evaluation components give an idea of the historical path of rethinking and interpretation of the original images that underlie the cultural semantics of phraseologisms of Kumyk language, as well as of mental-cultural stereotypes and national-cultural symbols of both general Turkish or general Agistan character and individually-specific for Kumyk language. Connotative-cultural components of phraseological images give a rather complete idea of peculiarities of figurative-associative and emotional-intellectual understanding of the surrounding world by speakers of Kumyk language, which in turn indicates ethnocultural and linguopsychological significance of the presented actual material.