CORRESPONDENCE OF LINGUISTIC TERMS OF COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH AND CHINESE IN TERMS OF TRANSLATION

Abstract

Comparative-historical linguistics as the first scientific direction in the study of language arose as a result of the separation from philology and philosophy. This is preceded by the publication of F. Bopp’s work comparing conjugations in different languages (1816). Over the next 200 years, this discipline spread in different countries and acquired a close connection with various subjects, such as ethnology, archeology. Terminology also developed, which played a decisive role in the dissemination of knowledge. So, the relevance of this article is due to the high importance in terms of the correspondence of linguistic terms in comparative-historical linguistics, both from the point of view of the presentation of historical facts, and in terms of the translation of historical events in order to prevent free translation or distortion of historical events. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to analyze the terms of comparative-historical linguistics in the Russian, English and Chinese languages. To do this, you must complete the following tasks: to study the works of specialists in the field under studying; to carry out a comparative analysis of terms in comparative-historical linguistics. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that every year there is a fascination with words in each language and the process of integration of languages is actively taking place, which positively affects the convergence of languages and the quality and accuracy of translation. The theoretical significance lies in the fact that the author compared the terms of the subject under consideration in Russian, English and Chinese. The examples given by the authors in the text of the article show that the correspondence of the terminology of comparative-historical linguistics in the three languagescannot be considered completely. This applies not only to those terms that are closely related to research in this area in a particular country (for example, 上古 汉语 shàng gǔ hàn yǔ in Chinese), but also to the main, more common terms of comparative studies, such as “proto-language”, “internal reconstruction”, etc. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that author identified a number of problems that require scientific resolution: the variety of translation of one term, the difficulty of finding the corresponding terms in special dictionaries, incorrect translations in dictionaries and works of linguists, the lack of corresponding words due to the limitations of the study. The results obtained can be used in compiling dictionaries, teaching foreign languages and organizing international scientific communication. In addition, this study contributes to the development of the discipline as a whole and will reduce misunderstandings in international scientific exchanges in the field of comparative studies.