PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF YOUTH (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 1990–2020)

Abstract

The article examines the problem of professional self-determination of young people. Special attention is paid to the theoretical and methodological aspect of the process of professional self-determination. Its definition is given, the time frame of this process, its main stages, factors determining professional choice are described, among which: features of the macro and microenvironment, as well as individual personality traits. The article provides a comparative analysis of the processes of professional self-determination of young people of the last 30 years (1990s-2020). The analysis involved the works of well-known scientists on youth issues, data from large-scale monitoring studies, materials of reports to the Russian Government on the situation of youth and the implementation of youth policy, as well as the results of our own sociological research conducted in Omsk in 1991 and 2000. The article shows how the professional and value preferences of young people changed depending on the current socio-economic and sociocultural situation in the country. Special attention is paid to the little-studied aspect of the problem: the specifics of the professional and life self-determination of rural youth. The authors identified the features of the modern stage of development of society, as universal digitalization, outlined the main trends in the process of professional self-determination of young people.